Individual Lifestyle vs Social Determinants †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Individual Lifestyle versus Social Determinants. Answer: Presentation In todays world, it would not be putting it mildly to state that the issue of stoutness and overweight in kids just as in grown-ups has taken a genuine turn (Williamson, 2017). The administration alongside people need to pay more regard towards the issue. Weight is the ailment wherein the gathering of unnecessary fat so much that it begins hampering the body and essentially expands the danger of different illnesses. In 2016 near 2 billion grown-ups were large worldwide and the all the more disturbing issue is that corpulence has higher bleakness rate (Papamargaritis, 2013). It is significantly dictated by the social-social, ecological, nourishing, physical, political, genetical and mental components which thus are controlled by the legislature and in this manner making it a social obligation (Mullan et al., 2017). The article will lay an extraordinary accentuation on Australias determinants of weight for instance. This articles primary contention will be that the legislature has a si gnificant task to carry out in detraining the selection of elements accessible with open. It will likewise cover the suggestions as far as governments obligation to address the hazard factors and different determinants which will demonstrate that the administration has a duty and obligation towards the residents to give a helpful climate to the residents with the goal that they don't fall prey to this malady. A Public Health Concern The marvel of the being overweight or hefty isn't new to the world and it has existed in all the nations from time o time. In any case, is shocking that it has become an expanding wonder in all the nations for example USA, UK, Japan, Sweden, India, and so on whether it is a created or a creating nation. The rate at which it is developing in US/UK has multiplied. The quantity of large individuals in America has multiplied in most recent three decades 2/third of the US grown-ups are either overweight or stout. The impact could be found in all the age bunches for example kids, guys, females, mature age. The BMI sizes of the individuals are crossing the graphs. In the event that the number for what's to come is anticipated it would be something like: Year Male (%) Female (%) 2025 48 38 2050 62 48 In spite of the fact that there are numerous variables or determinants prompting the issue of corpulence anyway key individual social components like unfortunate food propensities and absence of much required physical action in the day by day schedule are the fundamental explanations behind this (Carlos Burini, 2017). Despite the fact that there are numerous causes however following are the noticeable ones: The main factor which is the significant reason for the abrupt increment in the quantity of large individuals everywhere throughout the world is the undesirable weight control plans went with next to no or immaterial dietary benefit in the food (Johari and Shahar, 2014). Present day living has completely changed the way, type and sort of food admission which is high in calories, seared in nature and with no medical advantages. The realities likewise validate the point that poor food quality with less dietary benefit, when joined with fake sugars in gigantic amounts, is the significant explanations behind critical weight gains. Unfortunate food propensities like expanded admission of sugar, modest refined palatable oil, starches, creature sourced food and half prepared greasy food lead to heftiness in grown-ups and kids also. Being overweight or stout in future prompts maladies like sort two diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary conduit sicknesses stroke, and other liver and gallbladder ailments (Geyer, 2016). The subsequent central point is the complete absence of physical action during the day by day schedule propensity for every last one. This beginnings directly from the adolescence of the children and which prompts corpulence in kids which thus develops as stoutness in the grown-ups (K. Chung and C. Romney, 2012). The legislature should make strides directly toward the start for example when the tutoring begins accentuation must be made to make sure that abundant physical action is guzzled in the educational plan of the children. Conflictingly a safe physical condition will likewise help in advancing outside movement along these lines expanding sound propensities. The stationary way of life of the grown-ups wherein there is no physical action, sitting occupations in the workplaces and no an ideal opportunity for physical exchanging and no control on the calorie admission as against the calories consumed prompts the significant level of BMI levels p rompting overweight and coming about to different constant sicknesses. Over the timeframe science has produced such an extensive amount work sparing gadgets that everything is accessible at the fingertips and doorsteps. The web has so reformed things that nobody needs to leave his/her bed to purchase anything. Thirdly, the kind of air and condition in and around anybody lives likewise decides the degree of corpulence. It might be the political, monetary, socio-social or physical condition (Young, Hinnant and Leshner, 2015). Monetary variables can either elevate or minimize the wellbeing decisions individuals make and subsequently can have a positive or negative effect on the wellbeing. Poor financial conditions lead to the appropriation of unfortunate food propensities which poorly affects wellbeing. Physical condition chooses the sort and amount of food accessible which prompts the framing of food propensities for individuals. The socio-social condition likewise outlines any people disposition towards wellbeing related decisions for instance if in a general public body size portrays an indication of riches individuals will take a stab at a major body size. Social condition chooses what individuals like to eat dependent on family and companion. Its with respect to the guardians to instill sound food propensities. In purported todays occupied timetables skipping suppers have become a typical thing which decreases the digestion rate and in this manner prompting weight gain. In this manner socio-social elements influence the disposition and conduct identified with solid way of life decisions. Another factor which assumes a significant job is the political variables which incorporate the standards and guideline encircled by the administration, enactment passed, charges required, as every one of these choices choose what sort of food supplies and administrations will be advanced and downgraded (Young, Hinnant and Leshner, 2015). Morally the legislature should exact high duties on unfortunate food items, liquor, cigarettes and other hurtful items with the goal that their utilization is insignificant and enactments go about as impediments. Natural products, vegetables, solid food items, for example, dairy items ought to be tax-exempt or charged at insignificant rates. It ha s been discovered that the schools pick stuffed food candy machines to have more benefits when contrasted with sound food; enactment should come advances and request that schools give solid food in order to teach great propensities at right on time and youth developmental stages. Numerous nutritionists and experts are of the conclusion that schools can assume a urgent job in creating great food propensities. At singular levels, we can say that hereditary factors additionally assume a crucial job in being in danger of stoutness. Weight can be credited to hereditary variables at the early or newborn child stages. Leptin inadequacy, prader willy condition and so forth., lead to heftiness at later phases of adulthood. Most normal is the situation of high birth weight at the hour of birth. Notwithstanding the hereditary qualities, heftiness is likewise caused in view of the considerable number of variables consolidated. Jumble of the vitality devoured and vitality consumed likewise prompts stoutness, hormonal factors additionally lead to overweight. It has been additionally settled certain that mental elements, social disgrace or despondency likewise add, all things considered, in following the food propensities. Stoutness and stress go connected at the hip. Individuals will in general eat more when they are under pressure. Likewise how society responds to the corpulence and stress and how th e individual deciphers the conduct of society additionally chooses the food propensities for a person. It in general effects the confidence, social working and, self-view of the person. When it begins decaying the self-adequacy of the individual likewise begins reducing. His/her confidence in her to accomplish something begins blurring ceaselessly. It has been considered as a noteworthy supporter of anyones generally speaking wellbeing and prosperity. It is important to set up more noteworthy comprehension among all the variables and heftiness will help in creating preventive techniques. To be progressively explicit and clear we can utilize the case of Australia to dissect the determinants or reasons liable for the uncommon ascent in the stout populace. In the event that we talk as far as realities Australia is the fifth biggest nation as far as heftiness where 15% of populace was corpulent in 1981 and it rose to 30% in late 2015. 2/third of Australias grown-up populace for example 65 % are stout. 29% Children in the age gathering of 5 to 18 years are overweight. In Australia weight prompted half of all out weight of illnesses because of diabetes 38%, ceaseless kidney issue 23% and heart maladies 17% (Wiseman et al., 2014). The national wellbeing and clinical research gathering (NHMRC) act stoutness like a significant medical issue. As per Dr. Manny Noakes master in hereditary variables, near 80 % Australians are presented to weight gains. As of late it has been discovered that the accessibility of the food in colossal amounts or huge serves has likewise lead to stoutness in individuals as it additionally builds the hunger for additional. When the hunger expands individuals begin longing for more and it prompts indulging. Food loaded with sugar, fat and oils just expands the stomach weight (Wulaningsih et al., 2016). When individuals begin gorging subsequent stage that tails it is eating carelessly. Individuals eat and talk without giving it an idea that what amount is required and the amount they have eaten. At that point comes another blow which is the accessibility of the food all the time when contrasted with the countries like France where there are set eating designs. Inactive sort of living significance along these lines no physical movement during the work hours, long sitting schedules have prompted ove

Critical thinking Essay Example for Free

Basic reasoning Essay In scholastic composition, a contention is generally a primary thought, frequently called a â€Å"claim† or â€Å"thesis statement,† upheld up with proof that bolsters the thought. In most school papers, one needs to make a type of guarantee and use proof to help it. One’s capacity to do this will isolate a decent paper from different papers. We use contention in regular day to day existence to persuade someone regarding my thoughts or sentiment, persuade our educators we merit a superior evaluation. A superior contention is cultivated if no feeling is included. One segment of contention is rationale. Cases are proclamations about what is valid or acceptable or about what ought to be done or accepted. Cases are conceivably questionable. For instance, late tax reductions ought to be surrendered another is the common war is brought about by subjection. In making a contention one must utilize motivation to help the case. Reason is an explanation that bolsters a given case or at the end of the day â€Å"why do you say that claim?† support is the proof that we use; one case of proof is measurements. When making a contention we should make sure to utilize warrants which is impacts or suspicions that associate the help to the case. A significant part when making a contention is to gone over to the crowd as a valid speaker or arguer that has adequate proof, that the proof depends on look into or academic articles. It is critical to likewise recall that each contention has a counterargument. Which the contention all the more intriguing and furthermore solid its not one that everybody concurs with.

The Illegality Of The War On Afghanistan International Law Essay - Free Essay Example

We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war The war against Afghanistan is illegal. The US, assisted by Canada and Britain is bombing Afghanistan and will perhaps use additional force with ground troops for the stated purpose of capturing or killing Osama bin Laden and others associated with his organization and of toppling the Taliban government. No international or national law or policy legalizes these. attacks on Afghanistan. No resolutions of the United Nations Security Council or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization could provide a legal justification for these attacks and none do. The war against Afghanistan violates international law including the Charter of the United Nations (The Charter), the Geneva Conventions and the relevant provisions of the eleven International agreements dealing with the suppression and control of terrorism. The attacks by bombing and the use of other military force are war crimes pursuant to the Rome Statute. THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS (THE CHARTER) The Charter prohibits the use and the threatened use of any force in their international relations. The Charter specifically prohibits the use of force to topple foreign governments. It goes without saying that all national and International laws forbid the killing of non-combatants (i.e. arguably all Afghanis) the bombing and other use of force in Afghanistan will inevitably kill and injure large numbers of non-combatants. The October 11 edition of the Vancouver Sun reports 200 people in Afghanistan killed in US bombing raids including 4 United Nations employees. October 13, 2001 reports indicate a residential area hit by a missile. Mass killing of non-combatants is considered by the world community to be the most egregious of crimes. The Preamble to the Rome Statute, in reference to such crimes states, Mindful that during this century millions of children, women and men have been victims of unimaginable atrocities that deeply shock that conscience of Humanity. The United State s, United Kingdom, Canada and Afghanistan are all Member States of the United Nations. The Charter of the United Nations imposes on members the binding obligation to settle disputes in a manner that ensures the maintenance of peace and justice. Article 2 of the Charter prohibits the use or threatened use of force against another state. [See below] The Article 2 prohibition applies to all force and is a rule of customary international law. As such the Article 2 prohibition is universally binding even on the few states not members of the United Nations. The Article 2 prohibition has been reiterated in numerous resolutions of the UN General Assembly. For example on 17 December 1984 the UN General Assembly passed a resolution affirming the inadmissibility of the policy of State terrorism including actions by States aimed at undermining the sociopolitical systems in other sovereign states. This resolution specifically prohibits the use of military action and contains the demand: th at all States take no actions aimed at military, intervention and occupation, forcible change in or undermining of the socio-political system of States, destabilization and overthrow of the their Governments and, in particular, initiate no military action to that end under any pretext whatsoever and cease forthwith any such action already in progress. The fact that the attacks on Afghanistan are in response to horrific crimes believed to have been committed by people believed to be hiding in Afghanistan does not provide any legal justification whatsoever. The Charter is based on the belief that international law should not be enforced at the expense of international peace. Neither can international law be enforced by the commission of more crimes.2 The Preamble to the Charter states the purpose of the United Nations is to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.3 SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS The United Nations Security Council, (Security Council), the body with primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, passed two resolutions regarding the September 11 attacks: resolution 1268 on 12 September 2001 and Resolution 1373 on 28 September 2001. Neither resolution authorizes the use of force. Resolution 1373 (2001) adopted by the Security Council at its 4385th meeting on 28 September 2001 (incorporating the earlier resolution of 12 September) affirms the responsibility of Member States to take only those measures that are: in compliance with national and international law including international human rights standards to prevent and suppress terrorist attacks and to take action against the perpetrators. Security Council Resolution 1373 specifically restricts member states to actions that are authorized by law and in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. Canada is already largely in compliance with the directives conta ined in Resolution 1373 and has promulgated regulations under Canadas United Nations Act to implement provision of the resolution, including prohibiting financing and fundraising and for freezing the assets of terrorist organizations. Article 51 of the Charter defines Member States right of self-defence. This article neither authorizes bombing and armed force as self-defence nor bestows legal authority for the US to wage war. Article Si gives Member States the narrow power to defend themselves against a continuing armed assault until such time as the Security Council intervenes to maintain and restore peace and security. Article Si of the Charter does not create any right to make retaliatory attacks or to engage in the use of force to repel anticipated armed attacks. The right to self-defense in Article 51 is restricted to actions that are necessary to, repel and proportionate to an ongoing armed attack and only exists until the Security Council takes measures to restore peace an d security. The right to self defense is restricted to self defense action and is further restricted to those actions necessary to maintain international peace and security and must be carried out in accordance with the Charter. The entire Charter is based on the premise that Member States must maintain international peace, security and justice and may not use force to settle international disputes or to remove foreign governments. Article 51 does not displace the obligation imposed on States by Article 2.4 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION RESOLUTIONS Media coverage also infers that some legal authority for the use of armed force against Afghanistan or the Taliban was created by the resolutions of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). That assumption is entirely false and is made clear from its resolution below. NATO, a regional organization with the goal of restoring and maintaining the security of the North Atlantic area, resolved on September 12 2001 that the September 11 attacks were covered by Article 5 of the Washington Treaty and therefore all NATO members will consider the September 11 attacks as an armed attack against all NATO members. The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations will assist the Party or P arties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such actions as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. Any such armed attack and all measure taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to respect and maintain international peace and security. Article 5, The Washington Treaty.

The Declaration of Independence In History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 541 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Declaration of Independence Essay Did you like this example? New England in the 18th century was, even though they didnt know at the beginning, on its way to independence. Wars at home and taxation from the mother country were undoubtedly exhausting. Breakout of Revolutionary War was an act of response to Great Britain for their oppression on the colonizers. A year later, 442 days to be exact, colonies declared independence and became the United States of America on July 4, 1776. Few of the reasons leading to this occasion were Proclamation Law, Tea Act and Thomas Paines Common Sense. In October, 1763, the proclamation law was issued by King George the third to prevent New England colonists from moving pass the Appalachian Mountains to keep control of the border so the British Army wouldnt have to come in and protect them from Native Americans while theyre still in debt and trying to recover after the Seven Years War. It was quite an understandable move which the British authorities took as a result from their economic situation but it frustrated colonists. Such powerful men who later signed what is now known as the declaration of independence like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and Benjamin Franklin were angered that they could not claim the land they seized during the Seven Years War so they brought this topic on a treaty conference at Fort Stanwix, New York, in 1768 to push the boundary line farther west and south but couldnt achieve what they wanted. In May, 1773, British authorities passed the Tea Act to save East India Company from going bankrupt. The East India Company was important to the British economy so they made people living in New England trade only from this company. That enabled them to avoid intermediaries and to price its tea competitively with that of smugglers. After the first of three ships, the Dartmouth, one day before the cargo would have been confiscated, about 60 men disguised as Native Americans dumped the tea into the docks. This event became the last straw that happened to colonies, leading them to their independence. Even though the last straw was the Tea Act, they still needed encouragement to bring this idea to reality. Thats when Thomas Paines Common Sense, written in January,1776, came to life right before the declaration of independence. Only 7 months before the biggest event of the US History, this pamphlet advocated the independence from Great Britain and aimed to make colonists think about what they could have without Britishs oppression. ?Why is it that we hesitate? From Britain we can expect nothing but ruin. If she is admitted to the government of America again, this continent will not be worth living in. says Thomas Paine, trying to indicate how Britain is their worst enemy who brings war to their home. After everything they had been through, still many more difficulties waiting for them, 12 colonies formally adopted the independence on July 4,1776 and also dropped their English citizenship. Before this event, in 1775, Revolutionary War started because of the same reasons -such as Proclamation Law, Tea Act and Thomas Paines Common Sense- why Americans wanted to free themselves from the British crown. In 1783, American and English negotiators finally signed peace terms in Paris, and, thus, English had to recognize the independence of the United States of America. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Declaration of Independence In History" essay for you Create order

The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck - 1791 Words

Which is worse; parents placing money before their children, or hdhdhshdhdhdhdhshsj? The clear answer is that both are equally disturbing. Sadly, both these examples are not uncommon. According to Ross, many families are breaking down as parents place work above children and children are more willing to self destruct as they notice they are being placed second. These modern-day examples are connected to The Grapes of Wrath by a common theme, money before people. This is a dangerous but common theme that John Steinbeck endeavors not only to warn but to inform his readers of. Although there are some instances of the Okies aiding one another, money before people is a central theme in The Grapes of Wrath as well as real life because it is the†¦show more content†¦This theme reappears throughout the novel, starting with their exile all the way to the end of their migration. When the Okies are starving and sick and in dire need of help, the narrator says, â€Å"Frantic men pounde d on the doors of the doctors; and the doctors were busy. And sad men left word at country stores for the coroner to send a car. The coroners were not too busy. The coroners wagons backed up through the mud and took out the dead† (Steinbeck 434). This sad excerpt shows how drastically the value of money and people’s lives can be misinterpreted. Since these doctors knew that they would receive no pay from the Okies, they simply ignored their cries for help. In stark contrast, the coroners are paid to collect dead bodies, and therefore are more than willing to come and take the bodies of those who could’ve been saved. This blatant disregard for human life, in unity with this excessive preoccupation on the almighty dollar, synthesize to expose to us how central a theme this truly is. Another reason why money before people is so imperative is that it serves as a major source of motivation for the human opposition of the Okies. When they first arrive in California, T om is baffled by the cops’ behavior. When he asks his friend Floyd why the cops arrest and harass the Okies for no reason, Floyd states, â€Å"Sheriff gets seventy-five cents a day for each prisoner, an he feeds em for a quarter. If

Implementing Innovation free essay sample

Thus, the number one strategic goal of businesses is to gain and maintain competitive advantage. By programs of  continuous improvements companies try to reduce costs, to enhance quality, and to increase speed of responsiveness to customer needs. Additionally, most businesses have some sort of  innovation program on their agenda to stay ahead of (or at least keep in pace with) their  competitors. Still, finding a common ground on what innovation is and what business elements to consider  when implementing innovation seems intricate. The research on  the topic of  this term paper  reveals a wide range of terms associated with innovation. Some examples are research and development  (Ramp;D),  product  innovation,  corporate  entrepreneurship,  intrapreneur,inventorpreneur, think tanks, continuous improvement, change program, market research, systems engineering and optimization  process. This term paper lays the fundamentals to understand innovation and its implementation in  businesses independent from the type of business on a strategic level. A gateway to innovation is the success story of the manufacturing company 3M. 3M is a diversified technology company serving customers and communities with innovative products and services. Innovation can be a function of an area or areas within a corporation whereas functions are  performed  by  a  diverse  range  of  employees. Although  the  original  product  itself  was developed in a research department, the latter idea for use of the product was the result of a need that arose  by one  person. Needless to  say that  the consequential implementation was a team-effort again. These functional areas are circumscribed in this term paper as the modes of  innovation. The term innovation is defined by 3M as follows: New ideas + action or implementation which results in an improvement,  gain, or profit. At first glance, some business areas seem to be hidden in 3Ms definition where innovation can take place. Others describe these types of innovation within business strategy and business processes in a more elaborate way: Innovation is not just releasing new products. It also encompasses implementing new business processes, fresh ways of doing things, radical  alliances, brilliant new routes to markets and business strategies. Innovation needs time and is based  on trial and error. The development of a breakthrough  product isnt something you can do on the  fly. It is  the result of individual and corporate features coming together at a certain point of time. These are the elements of innovation, this term paper will look at. Thus, innovation can be summarized as the business process of inventing, developing, putting new concepts into practice and gaining benefit of new products, new services, new processes, or further revolutionary business elements. The following sub-chapters explain the modes of programs, highlight innovation types and select key elements to consider for successful implementation of innovation management. I 1. Innovation types and modes A gateway to innovation is the success story of the manufacturing company 3M. 3M is a diversified technology company serving customers and communities with innovative products and services. One of the award-winning products of the last century is the Post-it ® note developed by two employees of 3M. In 1968 the researcher Spencer Silver developed an adhesive that was not working  properly as a glue. So he tried marketing his product within 3M to discover a use for his non-adhesive glue. Unfortunately his mission was without immediate success. Years later, the  product  developer Arthur  Fry  found  a  meaningful  purpose  for  the  non-working  thing. Subsequently 3M worked out a product to be marketed. Since then 3Ms notes have been sold worldwide in 400 different variations of the original product . Innovation can be a function of an area or areas within a corporation whereas functions are  performed  by  a  diverse  range  of  employees. Although  the  original  product itself  was developed in a research department, the latter idea for use of the product was the result of a need that arose  by one  person. Needless to  say that  the consequential implementation was a team-effort again. These functional areas are circumscribed in this term paper as the modes of  innovation. The term innovation is defined by 3M as follows: New ideas + action or implementation which results in an improvement,  gain, or profit. At first glance, some business areas seem to be hidden in 3Ms definition where innovation can take place. Others describe these types of innovation within business strategy and business processes in a more elaborate way: Innovation is not just releasing new products. It also encompasses implementing new business processes, fresh ways of doing things, radical  alliances, brilliant new routes to markets and business strategies. Innovation needs time and is based  on trial and error. The development of a breakthrough  product isnt something you can do on the  fly. It is  the result of individual and corporate features coming together at a certain point of time. These are the elements of innovation, this term paper will look at. Thus, innovation can be summarized as the business process of inventing, developing, putting new concepts into practice and gaining benefit of new products, new services, new processes, or further revolutionary business elements. The following sub-chapters explain the modes of programs, highlight innovation types and select key elements to consider for successful implementation of innovation management. The  historic  development  of  scientific  management  and  the  industrial  revolution led to specialization  of  workers. Specialization  increased  output  but  also  raised  the  need  for  coordinatin because single parts in the production process had to be put together to a final  product. The  idea  of  specialization  led  to  the  innovation  monopole  of  research  and development  (Ramp;D) departments.

Stop Thief The Greatest Frauds of All Times. Forewarned, Forearmed

There is definitely something wrong with the phrase â€Å"the greatest fraud.† It is not only about the bitter oxymoron, but also about the very idea that a criminal mastermind wastes his/her incredible abilities on scams instead of something decent that makes one feel rather bitter. However, there is still the list of the world’s most famous frauds, and this is the case when knowledge is power, for learning more about the most daring frauds, one will be able to avoid being deceived in the future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Thief: The Greatest Frauds of All Times. Forewarned, Forearmed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To start with, the famous Ponzi scheme must be mentioned. Its features are very identifiable, yet, sadly enough, it works very efficiently, as the history of crime schemes has proven. It presupposes that the victim pays his money to invest into something for the sake of fast and incredibly high revenue. Needless to say, the swindler takes the money and runs away, leaving the investor broke. Another notorious criminal plan, the Nigerian 419 is simple yet ingenious. Relying on people’s trust in the authority of the people whose reputation and wealth are more than impressive, the given type of frauds is quite widespread. Peaking in the era when electronic mail appeared and spam was not known yet, the Nigerian 419 presupposed sending letters to people’s electronic addresses on behalf of a wealthy person asking for financial help and promising great revenues (Baines). Naturally, when one sent the money, they were never returned. Finally, the Spanish prisoner fraud lands on the third spot in the list of the most efficient scam plans in the world history. The fraud tells the victim that a person who is extremely rich and has huge authority in his own country has been put into prison while being in disguise. Hence, the given person needs money to bail out without revealing his/her true identity. Taking the money which the victim gullibly gives away, the criminal vanishes without a trace (Adams and Smith 282). Judging by the above-mentioned examples, one can suggest that there are several key features that most scams share. If taking the aforementioned issues as examples, it is important to single out three key elements that constitute the frauds dealt with above. To start with, the criminal has to either act presumably on behalf of a certain authority, or to pretend to be a person of authority, yet fail to provide evident proof for that. The second feature of an obvious crime scheme is that the promised reward does not come and that more money is demanded for it. The third and the most important element of any crime scheme is that the criminal emphasizes that the victim is completely free to decide on whether to give the money or not, but subtly pressures the latter into paying, by either pretending to leave the victim witho ut the offered fabulous profit.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, it seems that, when taking the required measures and being cautious enough, one can avoid being deceived by a fraud. However, it is important to keep in mind that the above-mentioned schemes are not the only ones existing, and that, to keep one’s possessions safe, one has to be alert all the time. The above-mentioned does not mean going into the extremes of paranoia, but presupposes being reasonable and not too gullible. Works Cited Adams, Tyrone L. and Stephen A. Smith. Electronic Tribes:  The Virtual Worlds of  Geeks, Gamers, Shamans, and Scammers. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 2008. Print. Baines, Gary. Nigerian Scams Revisited. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Publishers. 2003. Print. This essay on Stop Thief: The Greatest Frauds of All Times. Forewarned, Forearmed was written and submitted by user Toad to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.